ABSTRACT
This chapter tackles the issue through a comparative analysis of two anti-racist campaigns: Football Against Racism in Europe (FARE) and the Ad Council. It begins by first locating the campaigns as events within a much wider transnational anti-racist discourse of the post-World War II order. The chapter puts them into the more discrete context of the period after the terrorist attacks on the United States of September 11, 2001. Anti-racism is the area where the United Nations (UN) has one of its longest records in developing international human rights law, and racist propaganda has been outlawed under international law almost for as long as the UN has been in existence. The FARE campaign contains the interplay because of European football's importance to both the political economy and symbolic uses of modern sport. European football's anti-racism campaign originated as much in an engagement with the mythologies of internationalism and nationalism as with the crudity of racial verbal harassment and racist violence.
