ABSTRACT

cèe ná wà ‘it was she I told’, cf. náa gáyàa mátà ‘I told her’. Another consequence is the use of resumptive pronouns to fill the place of fronted instrumentals and (optionally) indirect objects, e.g. mèe záamù ɗáurè ɓàráawòo dà shíi? ‘what will we tie up the thief with (it)?’; Hàdíizà múkèe kóoyàa mátà (= kóoyàa wà) túur˜áncíi ‘it’s Hadiza we’re teaching (to her) English’. (b) Tensed nonverbal sentences make use of the continuous tense/aspect pronouns