"Propaganda" is one of those semantically ambiguous words, with multiple denotations and connotations. "All effective propaganda," Hitler wrote, "must be confined to a few bare necessities and then must be expressed in a few stereotyped formulas. Since the 1970s, the terms "disinformation" and "dark propaganda" have been coined to describe smear campaigns devised mainly by government intelligence agencies like the American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the Russian KGB in the Cold War. A classic propaganda campaign described by Joel Bleifuss concerns the Washington public relations (PR) firm Hill and Knowlton, which worked for both the Bush administration and the Kuwaiti royal family to devise a fraudulent atrocity story about Iraqi soldiers pulling babies out of incubators in Kuwait hospitals. PR firms like Bonner and Associates are changing the nature of politics. The full effect of this corporate propaganda apparatus will never be fully known.