ABSTRACT
This chapter argues that collaboration will more effectively facilitate the implementation of ethical research. For research to be truly ethical, it must be tailored to the individual setting; a one-size-fits-all approach is inadequate. Every research setting and population presents unique challenges and concerns. Ethically appropriate subject protections in one institution may be grossly inadequate in another. Only through close cooperation and communication with all relevant parties, in every implicated setting, can researchers ensure that they are creating ethical conditions that are favorable for respect and unfavorable for exploitation in any research context. The commission's deliberations took place against a background that included the Nazi experiments with concentration camp prisoners followed by the adoption of a stringent standard of voluntary consent in the Nuremburg Code. The commission's emphasis on limiting research involving prisoners was guided by its choice of ethical framework. Congress's charge to the commission concerning research with prisoners identified informed consent as the primary locus of ethical concern.
