ABSTRACT
This concluding chapter considers the relationships among modernity, colonialism, religion, cosmology, indigenous and non-indigenous identities, and their evolution in recent decades, as a way both to further position and to comment upon the arguments advanced in each of the chapters of this volume. This chapter foregrounds, in particular, recent developments in the religious response to environmental conflicts in Latin America. It locates these responses in their relation to the region’s recent neo-extractive turn, and with respect to what the author calls new ontological openings. These, he understands to be particularly illustrated by Amerindian cosmological ideas from Andean South American. The author explores their promise in efforts to move beyond the limiting conditions of modernity, and its deep associations with development, capitalism, and Nature conceived as a human resource, to new forms of environmental activism.
