ABSTRACT
Emotional responses evolved to guide both human and nonhuman animals in achieving survival goals and increase fitness (i.e., seek resources and avoid harm). An individual’s emotional state can be deduced from physiological (heart rate, glucocorticoid levels), behavioral (body posture, vocalization, pupil dilation), and cognitive (judgment bias test) indicators. These measurements may provide information about the emotional arousal state (low to high) and valence (positive to negative).
