ABSTRACT
Extractive sectors play a frequent role in environmental conflicts. The characteristics of resources; mode of production; and the interplay between communities, companies, and authorities matter a great deal in the contribution of extractives to conflict. This is not to say that extractives cause conflicts. Geology and biogeography are not destiny. But framing and transforming the environment into resources imply that values and interests will be at play, with often sharp divergences and complex relations frequently involving resistance and repression.
