ABSTRACT
The term hydrocephalus relates to the presence of an excessive amount of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which may cause an increase in intracranial pressure with or without abnormal enlargement of the cerebral ventricles. Numerous classifications and categories exist with two widely used and pragmatically helpful subdivisions: obstructive and communicating hydrocephalus. Approximately 95" of patients with spinal myelomeningocele have some degree of hydrocephalus, which is almost invariably associated with the Chiari II malformation. The Dandy–Walker complex refers to a rare group of malformations in which abnormal posterior fossa CSF collections show clear communication with the fourth ventricle. Fortunately, brain tumors in newborns are very rare. The most common types are often of neuroectodermal origin and are more commonly supratentorial. Hemorrhage in the neonatal period is a common cause of hydrocephalus. Intrauterine infection by cytomegalic inclusion disease, mumps, toxoplasmosis, and syphilis can cause congenital hydrocephalus.
