ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on the interactions of party and movement-based organisations in the studied period. It focuses on the concept of movement parties to refer to actors that are in transition from extra-institutional movements to the partisan electoral competition ‘as their primary vehicle to bring societal interests to bear on policy-making’. The chapter discusses the processes of change in relation to the shifts of various actors between the field of political protest and electoral politics. The entry of migration crisis into the Czech political agenda sparked a series of protest mobilisations against receiving refugees, but also gave rise to counter-mobilisations against xenophobia and supportive of refugees. In terms of pro-refugee events, these were often organised as counter-events against the rallies of Islamophobic groups, but there were also projects and activities organised to help refugees. Anti-refugee events were mostly rallies by Islamophobic groups, demonstrations ‘against illegal immigration’, or protests of local inhabitants against the opening of detention centres in their towns.
