ABSTRACT
Demotion from failure is typically disguised to protect not only the individual ego and the organization's investment in him, but also his original sponsors. Thinking of sinecures as flexible offices with pay but few if any fixed duties, we can see that the office of "assistant-to" was frequently a sinecure. Confidential complaints by some foremen and "authentic" general foremen indicated that several of the offices were given as direct rewards for various reasons. And during reorganizations some had been preserved for morale purposes or to hold highly competent general foremen who might have quit if demoted. Like that of "assistant-to," use of these offices had followed expediency and social demands more than economic logic. However, it is likely that the long-run gains of Milo were greater than if rigid formal theory had been followed. Salary variations inside specific limits were officially thought to be natural if not inevitable because of tacitly recognized differences in seniority, and experience.
