ABSTRACT
This chapter describes the historical transformation of movements in America. It seeks to project the future of social movement organizations, tactics, orientation, and sites. One major trend in social movement transformation is represented by the growth of limited-purpose associations as formal organizations that are carriers of social movements. In the early nineteenth century, social movement activity was linked directly to party politics. To predict the orientation of the social movement sector, the major goals of social movements, requires a juxtaposition of emerging social cleavage lines of class, race, religion, age, sex, and culture as they relate to the definition of actionable issues in the political system. Craig Jenkins traces the growth and shifts in philanthropic foundation support for social movement activity. The chapter sketches the trends in the organization of social movement organizations (SMOs), transformation of tactics, the orientation of the social movement sector, and situs.
