ABSTRACT
In several countries it has been easier to keep a number of issues involving the moralization of markets on the political agenda. Many individual and institutional investors concerned with environmental and other social issues have also directed investments toward companies engaging in social practices having their approval. Ethical trading is primarily involved with and designed to promote the welfare and human rights of producers in developing countries. A common strategy with both ethical and fair trading is to empower producers in developing countries in their relations with exporters, processors, distributors, and final consumers. Ethical and fair trading tend to focus primarily on small-scale producers, and these practices generally do not improve the condition of the poorest producers, especially those involved in cash crops such as coffee and cocoa. Life for many laborers on non-ethical and non-fair-traded sites is often quite dismal.
