ABSTRACT
The territory within which an animal lives is almost always shared with animals of other species and with other members of its own species. There is some considerable overlap in the demands placed upon the territory and its resources by the various creatures inhabiting it, and some competition in the use of sites and substances of the habitat. Within a single-species population there are two kinds of territorial arrangements: the separate and exclusive occupation of contiguous territories by single animals or by mating pairs and their young, and the joint occupation by a group composed of many individuals of various descent. Exclusive territorial rights may be maintained, also, for only a small part of the territory used by an individual but forage in the company of their fellows in a common feeding territory. Biological and social rank and territorial behavior are as characteristic of man as of other vertebrate animals. Political organization and political action have always a territorial basis.
