ABSTRACT
Smuggling is the illicit transport of materials or persons across legally constituted borders or boundaries. A wide variety of goods can be smuggled, from tobacco products to nuclear material, to human beings. Human smugglers typically seek to benefit financially either by profiting from the facilitation of illegal migration or through the exploitation of the people within their power as either sex workers or underpaid laborers. The smuggling of nuclear weapons-related materials presents obvious threats to international security if that material ends up in the hands of rogue states or terrorist organizations. The chapter focuses on particular types of smuggling, the threats they present to both human and state security, and the international measures taken to combat them. Sanctions busting has serious implications for global security as it diminishes the effectiveness of coercive options short of war. International smuggling has been facilitated by globalization and the massive increase in global trade that it has entailed.
