ABSTRACT
The historical basis of the idea of territorial reinforcement lies in the need to defend an environment against attack. This is further enhanced by a sense of pride or ownership, which is demonstrated by the way in which a space is cared for or maintained. By contrast, poorly maintained areas offer an invitation to criminal activity. Defensible space is another criminology-based way of describing this strategy. Public zones are generally open to anyone and are best suited to natural surveillance approaches to create a safe environment. Semiprivate zones create a buffer between public and private zones and may serve as common use spaces, such as an interior courtyard. Although accessible to the public, separation is provided by using design features, such as landscaping, that establish definite transitional boundaries. Users develop a sense of territorial control, while potential offenders, perceiving this control, are discouraged.
