ABSTRACT
When epistemologists reflect on where it all began for them—including the entry into philosophy of an idea of epistemic justification—most generally they hearken back to Plato’s Meno. Relevant journeys can begin: a physical journey, such as to Larissa, can be guided by what has already been an epistemic journey. Intellectualism about knowledge-how—particularly in the hands of J. Stanley and T. Williamson and Stanley—seems to impress many epistemologists. Most epistemologists would point to Causally-Produced as the traditional alternative. Discussions of the proper basing relation usually focus on it directly as a component in epistemic justification. Socrates was even more insightful than epistemologists generally notice, in reaching for the idea of a Daedalus-statue when attempting to understand knowledge. The moral standardly taken from Socrates’ reasoning is justificationist: a true belief accompanied by a logos—which contemporary epistemologists parse as epistemic justification accompanying the true beliefis necessary for knowing.
