ABSTRACT
This study investigates whether Tanzanian smallholder farmers perceive climate change, whether they adapt in response, and the factors influencing their choice of adaptation methods. We find overwhelming evidence that farmers perceive changes in precipitation and temperature over the past two decades. Farmers who perceive such change have a higher probability of adapting. Farmers mentioned short-season and drought-resistant crops, irrigation, changing planting dates and planting trees as adaptation methods. The choice of methods depends on several factors, including the specific crop and agroecological zone. Therefore, the Tanzanian government should target adaptation initiatives to particular crops or agroecological zones. For instance, in arid and semiarid zones, the government should promote drought-resistant crops, while developing irrigation infrastructure where water is available. In the coastal zone, the government can invest in R&D for short-season crop varieties. Farmers also identified lack of funds, poor planning and shortage of the seeds recommended by agricultural experts as major constraints. The government should assist smallholder farmers to overcome these constraints – for instance, by helping farmers who are not yet in credit organizations to form groups so that they can be considered for low-interest loans. The government also should ensure that agricultural agents provide the appropriate amount of subsidized seeds at the appropriate time. Farmers should be empowered to consider long-term adaptation plans, including changing crops and engaging in nonfarm activities.
