Endoscopic and surgical treatment for asthma, COPD, and asthma-COPD overlap

Despite recent improvements in the pharmacological arsenal for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including new long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) long-acting β2-agonists (LABA) combinations for COPD and biologics for severe asthma, many patients remain uncontrolled, causing a major burden both for the patient and for the health-care system. 1 However, in addition to current medical therapies, novel endoscopic and surgical treatments have been developed and are emerging as important therapies for many of these challenging patients.