ABSTRACT
Water and energy interact in several ways in the production of food, and this is one of the most energy-intensive industries. The report "Feeding Ourselves Thirsty" ranked 37 major food companies on their corporate water management and risk response. This report also identified that the food industry is unprepared for global water shortages. Governmental and institutional actions are needed urgently to reduce the estimated 1.8 million tons of water per person used in food production around the globe. The Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE) said regulations and incentives are needed to meet a targeted reduction of 20" by 2020 or face major water shortages by 2050. There are different forms of energy used in more than 150 unit operations related to food processing. Mechanical operations require electrical energy for driving motors such as liquid pumping, solids conveying, peeling, cutting, size reduction, pressing, centrifugation, mixing, extrusion, and high-pressure processing.
