ABSTRACT
This chapter highlights the state of the art of future challenges in the use of model-based techniques in desalination for making freshwater. Mujtaba reflected on the use of model-based techniques in mainly multistage flash (MSF) desalination process, which includes studies available in the public domain until 2011. The development of a hybrid desalination/renewable energy model is very complex because of uncertain renewable energy supplies, load demands, and large number of parameters. The majority of the current and planned dual-purpose desalination plants use either fossil fuels or nuclear power as their source of energy. Due to increasing environmental legislation (EL), the activities in the area of assessment and quantification of environmental impact (EI) are gaining importance in desalination processes. Environmental impact model and integration of renewable energy sources (RES) with desalination systems are other new areas that require more attention due to the new environmental regulations.
