Introduction

This chapter examines the ways in which the "traditions of the critical left" have influenced how Peace Studies (PS) scholars have conceived of the "relationship between structure and violence. It describes Bertrand Russell and Julian Huxley's (1887–1975) efforts as public intellectuals. The chapter also examines the characteristic makeup of two categories of protesters—those who protested to prevent the Iraqi invasion, and those who protested for an end to the war once it was underway— in a specific control group, the residents of Belgium. It explores the subject of women and peace from a social science perspective. Judith Oleson provides a brief and direct interpretation of feminist approaches to peacekeeping, all within an internationalist framework. The chapter argues that women have overwhelmingly been excluded from formal processes of Peace and Security.