ABSTRACT
The cognitive-oriented archaeological theories presented in this volume contrast with the unwitting adoption of a reactionary neo-liberal position by many current archaeologists who prioritize individual human agency over systemic socio-cultural influences and constraints. Contrary to the critique by agency-centered archaeologists of ethnographic, structuralist, or cognitivist notions, many archaeologists who outwardly oppose a concern with structure in fact implicitly incorporate these notions into their interpretations of the archaeological record. To rectify misapprehensions by agency-centered archaeologists, it is necessary to understand cognitive universals, natural constants, structural principles, the scientific method, and the direct historical approach as key elements of cognitive archaeology. Importantly, in terms of cultural heritage management, it is advantageous for all concerned parties to recognize indigenous thoughts, vocal concerns, and ongoing actions regarding indigenous sites. The discussion also addresses the yet unresolved issue of integrating individual actions and socio-cultural structure.
