ABSTRACT
The purposes of this chapter are to examine three different eras in the evolution of the Senate. Specifically, we assess the Senate of the 1950s, the Individualist Senate (1961-1990), and the Polarized Senate (mid-1990s forward). An analysis of these periods in Senate history reveals essential elements of politics and policymaking unique to each period and provides insight into how and why major changes occur in the Senate. The analysis also indicates how party leaders operate in a legislative and political context largely not of their own making. The chapter concludes with discussion of today's polarized Senate and the forces that gave rise to a new procedural normal in Senate decision-making.
