ABSTRACT
Corporate governance (CG) rules are found in companies’ legislation and the articles of companies, supplemented by capital market codes and national CG codes. Boards of directors are the fulcrum of corporate governance and CG codes dwell on the role, structure, composition, authority, processes and responsibilities of boards. This chapter examines corporate governance codes of public companies, SMEs, not-for-profits and public sector organizations, particularly in BRICS and African countries. It reflects on their efficacy and impact on CG quality and argues that different rules and structures are required for each type and probably for different categories within each type of organization, rather than a one-size-fits-all approach.
