ABSTRACT
This chapter presents an overview of the topics and case studies that were covered in the book, discussing the key findings and lessons learned. The authors also discuss how the current challenges facing GCC states are many and include economies that continue to heavily dependent on oil, high energy and water usage characterised by wasteful consumption patterns, car-oriented mobility, rapid population growth, rapid urbanization, education and employment challenges, extreme climatic conditions, lack of local industries, and limited entrepreneurship and innovation activities. In parallel, there is a new unique global context where historical agreements are reached by nations worldwide to cut emissions, combat climate change, and unleash actions and investments towards a low-carbon economy and sustainable future. To capitalize on such opportunity, the Arabian Gulf States need to cooperate with all partners locally, regionally, and globally to address the challenges ahead and initiate the overdue sustainable transition.
