ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on the intersection between nationalist ideology and state policy around the creation of Brazil's domestic steel industry. It explores the perceptions that shaped industrial policy and defined the trajectory for the development of Brazil's complex of large steel mills, first by stalling the entrance of foreign investment and later by pursuing a state-controlled project heavily shaped by military officers and their emerging thinking about national security. The chapter explores the confluence of nationalist ideology and planning that sparked the state intervention in Brazil's industrialization that Werner Baer analyzed. It also focuses on the thinking of Edmundo de Macedo Soares, the central actor in the planning and development of Brazil's state-owned complex called the National Steel Company – Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional (CSN). Brazilian President Artur Bernardes, against whose government the Tenentes had revolted in 1922, brought an early nationalist resistance to the development of a steel industry by foreign firms.
