ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on two important and iconic models for nature reserve design: Diamond's island model adapted in the World Conservation Strategy and the bioregional model, an integration of buffer zones and corridors. In fact, by applying global models to a specific site, experts at international organizations generated tensions with local people over land ownership and the use of natural resources. In Chitwan National Park, bioregionalism only further restricted rather than enhanced local people's resource use. In the 1970s, according to Luke, experts at international organizations produced "the environment" as a new discursive and spatial domain for political action. The strict separation of space for nature and space for human development, on the one hand, led to struggles between local people and park authorities over land and natural resources. On the other hand, wildlife populations − especially the charismatic megafauna that conservation experts were so keen to protect − were vulnerable to threats and unable to exchange genes.
