ABSTRACT
In the 1980s, a major focus of Pan-African energies was concentrated on the fight against Apartheid and support for Namibia's independence. The United Nations Regional Symposium of Latin America and the Caribbean in support of Namibia was held in Costa Rica in 1983 with the participation of Abdias Nascimento, Lelia Gonzalez and Carlos Roberto da Silva from Brazil. Pan-Africanism is identified initially as the 20th-century international political movement that brought together African and African Diaspora activists, artists and intellectuals in the fight against racism and colonialism, leading to the victory of the independence struggle in Africa. One of the most prominent phenomena in the panorama of resistance is the formation of maroon societies, independent African communities of people who rejected and escaped enslavement. The intellectual underpinnings of Pan-Africanism lie in a tradition of independent African thought that far predates the late 20th century, when it became known as Afrocentric.
