ABSTRACT
From the early days of television, international connections have played an important role in establishing national broadcasters. Television was always transnational, although it is subject to national legislation. Global companies developed television technologies such as cameras, magnetic recording machines, broadcasting satellites, electronic editing technology and TV screens, and finally digitized all of them. These technologies influenced television culture worldwide. Television can be seen as transnational “technology and cultural form”. Television shows were sold all over the world, not only in a one-way flow but also in multi-directional flows. Viewers around the world enjoyed television programs produced in other countries. Therefore, a transnational television culture occurs on three levels: (1) production and distribution of television including TV technology, economy, media policy, and legislation, (2) television texts, and (3) television audiences. Transnational television culture is anchored in national and regional television cultures which are transcended. In this sense transnational television culture overcomes the distinction of the global and the local, and can be conceptualized as a social and cultural process in a transnational arena where agents, institutions and structures interact with one another.
