ABSTRACT
This chapter addresses the environmental causes of migration and the environmental effects of migration as well as the research and actions that are required to address the issues. The interaction of the environment and forced migration has received increasing attention since publication of a book entitled Environmental Refugees by Essam El-Hinnawi in 1985. Norman Myers reviewed the possible impact of global warming and climate change with a view to projecting migration pressures. Environmental problems do not occur in isolation and are often intimately linked with security problems and social stability. The causes of migration in this environment are influenced by many sociopolitical, economic and other environmental factors'. Naigzy Gebremedhin illustrated the connection between environment and security in describing the flow of refugees between and within the States of Ethiopia and Somalia. People that migrate as a result of purely environmental factors often remain within their own country and are not technically refugees.
