ABSTRACT
As one of Louis XII's most prolific and most creative supporters, Pierre Gringore experimented with numerous versions of literary protest. Three poetic works that Pierre Gringore penned and published during the first half of his career, which he spent in Paris, offer insight into his patterns of protest. By briefly investigating literary structures, rhetorical modes, visual translations of metaphor and allegory, and the dramatic device of disguise in works that appeared between 1501 and 1512, this chapter traces Gringore's evolution as a polemicist dealing with issues of political and religious corruption. Four years later, in December 1505, Gringore published his Folles Entreprises, the first work in French protected by an author privilege. Gringore's literal voice as an actor portrayed Mother Folly on stage, exploiting the negative exemplum of Julius II that he had created in dramatic and comical ways that people can only imagine today.
