ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the framework of environmental accounting and focuses on companies and the impact of their activities on the environment. Although the concept of eco-efficiency was first introduced and discussed in the literature by Schaltegger and Sturm, it gained popularity only after the publication of the book entitled Changing Course by Schmidhciny. Efficiency is a dimensionless notion in its most general sense. While the units in which input and output are measured can differ depending on the subject matter, the dimensions of efficiency become concrete when the context is specified. The systems of ecological accounting, measure the ecological impact of a company on the environment. Internal ecological accounting deals with the recording of environmental interventions, and allocation and assessment of environmental impacts. Managerial accounting is the central tool and basis of most internal management decisions and is usually not required by external stakeholders.
