ABSTRACT
The term Integrated Conservation and Development (ICD), or more commonly ICD Projects, emerged in the late 1980s and early 1990s. ICD aims to provide services and employment to park-adjacent communities under the premise that when these communities become richer they are more likely to accept conservation policies and reduce their pressure on the environment. ICD in Uganda emerged from the recognition that a more effective way to stop the destruction of natural resources would be to form an alliance between communities surrounding forested areas on the one hand, and conservation organisations and governments on the other. A further evolution in Ugandan ICD was the Collaborative Resource Management programme, which intended to embed multiple-use agreements and revenue sharing within a broader co-management approach. The evaluation report asserted that Community–Park Institution should be a project management organ rather than a political organ and that it should function with efficiency and effectiveness.
