ABSTRACT
A European sociology for the twenty-first century is likely to be very different from its ninetieth and twentieth century predecessors. Ali sociologists and politicai scientists agree that the events in Eastern Europe have given rise to a historical turn. For instance, David Held, known as one of the proponents of the 'global cosmopolitan democracy', writes as follows: (t)he East European revolutions were, without doubt, a historical watershed. Sociology was a highly ambitious endeavour at the outset. Since 1989, sociology has become a sociology in which Marxism has evaporated. Leading world sociologists like Jiirgen Habermas, Anthony Giddens and Zygmunt Bauman no longer cali themselves Marxists or neo-Marxists. The sociology of the twenty-first century must overcome its contemporary one-sidedness. The human sociology of humans could then be confronted with fundamental questions about humanity that once seemed to belong to such anachronistic disciplines as theology and metaphysics.
