ABSTRACT
This chapter focusses on energy crime (and energy harm), describing how many energy extraction processes create environmental harms and ecological destruction, and exploring the emergence of unconventional hydraulic fracturing (UHF) in the United Kingdom (U.K.) with a concurrent discussion of the global academic literature that has identified both social and environmental harm as a result of such technology overseas. In so doing, this chapter offers an analysis of the community financial incentives (CFIs) that are provided to ‘communities’ in respect of the right to use underlying geology for the purposes of UHF and the subsequent ramifications that such payments may have for environmental justice in the communities that permit UHF to occur.
