ABSTRACT
This chapter examines how states in the Middle East have adjusted, or failed to adjust, to changes in the region since the Arab uprisings began in late 2010. It uses a neoclassical realist approach to explore the systemic and sub-systemic strategic environment as well as domestic intervening forces to explain the rapid adjustments in the foreign policies of Egypt, Iran, and Saudi Arabia. We find that domestic political factors were more significant in determining Egyptian foreign policy, whereas the more restrictive strategic environment was more salient in the cases of Saudi Arabia and Iran.
