ABSTRACT
Social protection and community welfare are mandated by the Indonesian Constitution as the responsibilities of the government. Article 25H, Clause 3, of the Constitution says that social security is the right of each individual Indonesian citizen. However, not until the Asian economic crisis in 1997-1998 did the government allocate significant resources for social protection in the forms of free health care, cash transfer, food for work, and other social insurance and social assistance measures (Ananta 2012, 179). Then, in 2002, Article 34 clause 2 of the Constitution was amended to require the government to develop a national security system, covering the whole Indonesian population, and empower the poor according to human dignity principles.
