ABSTRACT
This chapter analyzes Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevalence among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic sentinel surveillance sites (ANC) over the time period 1990—98, supplemented with data from army recruits and population cohorts. It examines population-based demographic and HIV behavioural data collected in Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS III) and knowledge, attitudes and behaviour surveys (KAPB). On the banks of Lake Victoria in the early 1980s, Ugandans started talking about a new disease, at the same time it was being discovered in the large teaching hospitals in the United States. HIV prevalence declined nationally from 21.1% to 9.7% nationally across 15 antenatal clinic states, during the period 1991—98. There are a number of factors to take into account in interpreting this data: stage of the epidemic; openness of communication; and reporting of HIV/ Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) including AIDS case diagnosis and HIV testing.
