ABSTRACT
To understand the legal/institutional regimes and the social and economic conditions under which in early-modern Europe news were circulated internationally, printed or transcribed, and disseminated further, the researcher has to focus and refocus on international, national, provincial, and local contexts, from emerging patterns of global commerce and communication down to the level of the printer’s shop, the newswriter’s desk, the scholar’s study, and the tavern, barbershop, or coee house. e most important intermediate level for early-modern communication is the city.
