ABSTRACT
The ethnically heterogeneous nature of the urban population in the medieval Kingdom of Hungary has been a subject of research and discussions for more than a century. The roles of the indigenous (Hungarian, Slovak, Croatian, and so forth) and immigrant (German, Italian, Walloon and other), Christian and nonChristian elements in the process of urbanization have been investigated both on a countrywide basis and on the level of individual towns. It became clear that the diverse ethnic groups were not occasional elements, but basic constituents that played a crucial role in creating and shaping urban form and identity in the towns of the Carpathian basin.1
