ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the lives of various German-Jewish women who fought against National Socialism. All of them were involved in a Jewish resistance group as active Communists or, at least, were Communist in orientation. Representatives of the bourgeois women's movement were also forced to choose the path of emigration. They included Alice Salomon, the founder of professional social work, and the scientist Alice Ruhle-Gerstel, who had written about the condition of the German women's movement before 1933. All the women described were fundamentally opposed to the National Socialist regime. Their active resistance was based on their Communist convictions, or at the very least their pro-Communist sentiments. However, the exclusion of the entire Jewish population from the majority Gentile society also had an impact on their self-image. As Walter Sack explains, many of them made the sudden "discovery" that they were Jews.
