ABSTRACT
This article examines the development of warfare and military methods in Europe and the Middle East in the twelfth century and suggests why they developed as they did. It analyses the styles of war in both areas and examines the way in which the Europeans who settled in the Holy Lands adapted their style of war to suit local conditions. Its conclusion is that the Europeans of the Holy Lands adapted their style of war considerably. It suggests that this has been concealed from as because we have misunderstood much about European warfare - in particular we have, overestimated the role of cavalry and failed to recognize the way it was used in Europe.
