ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on "socialist calculation" that reflects mainly the academic context. By contrast, for anti-capitalist movements and post-revolutionary regimes on the capitalist periphery, socialism as a form of human development has been a prime concern. The under-utilization of the human developmental and ecological elements of Karl Marx's communist vision is also reflected in the decision by some Marxists to place their bets on a "greening" of capitalism as a practical alternative to the struggle for socialism. The chapter explains Marx's various outlines of post-capitalist economy and society as a vision of sustainable human development. It draws out the sustainability aspect of the principles by responding to the most common ecological criticisms of Marx's projection. The chapter considers the connections between Marx's vision of communism and his analysis of capitalism, focusing on that all important form of human development: the class struggle.
