ABSTRACT
The literature often conceptualises the role of the European Union (EU) in global environmental politics in terms of actorness/presence (Bretherton and Vogler 2006a; Jokela 2002; Vogler 2002; Vogler 1999; Jupille and Caporaso 1998). Presence is granted automatically to the EU, but presence can only be translated into actorness when a number of criteria are fulfilled: authority, autonomy, cohesion and recognition. However, this framework, and research conducted according to it, is inadequate for an analysis of EU environmental policy.
