ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on several crucial theological problems dealing with the role of science in providing some evidence for the existence of God and purpose in nature. Modern science arrived in the Muslim world in the beginning of the nineteenth century. Schools like Positivism and Darwinism penetrated the Muslim world and dominated its academic circles and had a noticeable impact on some Islamic theological doctrines. Muslim philosophers, however, believed that creation in time is a property of the material world, where as supra-natural realities, as well as principles and universals, are eternal. Some Muslim philosophers separated the findings of modern science from its philosophical attachments. Furthermore, some inferences from science can be used as a premise to construct philosophical arguments for the existence of God. Two theories have generated heated discussions about this matter: the theory of Big Bang and the Darwinian theory of evolution.
