ABSTRACT

The choice of this topic is far from original. Beside s numerous shorter references to this subject in many general survey s of Islam, 1 some widely-known Islamic scholars have discussed this issue at considerable length. To this latter group belong, among others, Pautz (1898), 2 Caetani (1905), 3 Wensinck (1924), 4 Horovitz (1926), 5 Ahrens (1935), 6 Jeffery (1950), 7 and Bell (1953).8