ABSTRACT
The progress of the principles of the Kyoto Protocol and fast evolution of global carbon market initiatives are proof that joint global action can restrain the negative impacts of human activity on nature. This chapter discusses global agreements about economic measures to curb climate change, and how these translate to the political and economic environment on a national level, using the case of Kazakhstan. While international development economists argue on the positions, the Kyoto Protocol appears to be the consensus framework – here it is quite clear about the roles. The economic downturn in the following decades has only recently picked up – leaving some potential for a positive difference as a benefit to Kazakhstan's carbon market position. Kazakhstan can continue with the Kyoto Protocol mechanisms without such commitments, allowing for energy efficiency, alternative energy sources and green economy concepts – these are all good ways to progress.
