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      Chapter

      Recovering the ecology of fear
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      Chapter

      Recovering the ecology of fear

      DOI link for Recovering the ecology of fear

      Recovering the ecology of fear book

      Cascading effects of gray wolf predation and competition in a Great Lakes Basin forest

      Recovering the ecology of fear

      DOI link for Recovering the ecology of fear

      Recovering the ecology of fear book

      Cascading effects of gray wolf predation and competition in a Great Lakes Basin forest
      ByDavid G. Flagel
      BookBiodiversity, Conservation, and Environmental Management in the Great Lakes Basin

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      Edition 1st Edition
      First Published 2017
      Imprint Routledge
      Pages 13
      eBook ISBN 9781315268774
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      ABSTRACT

      Large carnivores have been reduced or removed from several ecosystems by habitat loss, eradication efforts, or other factors. Removing large carnivores removes their top-down influences. The widespread extirpation of the gray wolf from much of the Great Lakes Basin serves as a notable example. Wolves were once fairly ubiquitous throughout the Basin as a top predator of ungulates, including white-tailed deer and moose. By 1960, wolves were mostly exterminated through habitat change, poisoning, and bounty hunting. Wolves have naturally recolonized the northern forests of the Great Lakes states, which have high deer populations and prevalent coyotes. The aim of research were to determine if there is evidence for density- and/or behaviorally mediated effects of wolves on deer herbivory; evaluate if the wolf–deer interactions affect plant growth and diversity; document whether wolf presence simultaneously affects coyote and fox distribution; assess whether the wolf–coyote interactions cascade to the major prey of coyotes and foxes.

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