ABSTRACT
Chesbrough (2003a) first introduced the open innovation model in 2003. In the model, valuable ideas can be gained from both inside and outside the company, and the commercialization process can take place either inside or outside the company (Chesbrough, 2003b). The open innovation model elevates the importance of external ideas and external commercialization channels to the same level as that of internal ideas and internal commercialization channels (Chesbrough, 2003a). Chesbrough proposed the model mainly in response to the traditional NIH (not invented here) attitude that exists in some large American corporations with strong R&D capabilities.
