ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on changes to policies and actions impacting on policies which Member State preferences have undergone in the area of energy security in the past decade. It explains the top-down multilateral-induced cooperation offers a poor explanation for much of the policy convergence observed within European energy policy. Instead, a combination of uploaded Member State counter-offensives at the perceived coercion of the Commission's Europeanising demands, in the shape of 'policy diffusion' comprising 'cross-national policy coordination' based on growing similarity of perceptions of both internal needs and external threats best explains the types of Europeanisation at work in recent energy policy. The chapter deconstructs aspects of European energy security to discern Europeanising or nationalising dynamics of its internal and external dimensions. The contributions of Germany, France and Britain are central: each comprise climate-change, market-based and foreign policy value-sets impacting differently upon the construction of an Europeanised energy policy.
